Abstract Objective: This study investigated the relationship of the pre-operative neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) to the timing of epidural analgesia administration and post-operative acute and chronic pain in thoracotomy. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 60 patients, with NLR ≥ 2 (Group A) and NLR < 2 (Group B). Each group was divided into subgroups pre-emptive analgesia (Group P) and control group (Group C). Epidural analgesic solution was administered as a bolus before the surgical incision in Group P and at the end of the operation in Group C. NRS was questioned postoperatively at the 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th, 24th h, 1st, and 3rd months and also additional analgesic needs were recorded. Results: In Group A, the pain scores of the patients who received pre-emptive epidural analgesia were lower at the post-operative 2nd, 4th, and 8th h and analgesic consumption was less in the post-operative first 24 h. Conclusion: It was observed that pre-emptive epidural analgesia reduced pain levels and additional analgesic consumption in the acute post-operative period in patients with pre-operative NLR ≥ 2.

Resumen Objetivo: Este estudio investigó la relación de la relación neutrófilos/linfocitos (NLR) preoperatoria con el momento de la administración de la analgesia epidural y el dolor agudo y crónico posoperatorio en la toracotomía. Materiales y métodos: El estudio se realizó en 60 pacientes, como NLR ≥ 2 (Grupo A) y NLR < 2 (Grupo B). Cada grupo se dividió en subgrupos de analgesia preventiva (Grupo P) y grupo control (Grupo C). La solución analgésica epidural se administró en bolo antes de la incisión quirúrgica en el Grupo P y al final de la operación en el Grupo C. La NRS se cuestionó posoperatoriamente a las 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 horas, 1 y 3 meses también adicionales Se registraron las necesidades analgésicas. Resultados: En el Grupo A, los puntajes de dolor de los pacientes que recibieron analgesia epidural preventiva fueron menores a las 2, 4 y 8 horas postoperatorias y el consumo de analgésicos fue menor en las primeras 24 horas postoperatorias. Conclusión: Se observó que la analgesia epidural preventiva redujo los niveles de dolor y el consumo adicional de analgésicos en el postoperatorio agudo en pacientes con NLR preoperatorio ≥ 2.

Abstract Introduction Despite the high level of patient satisfaction with functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and the clinical improvement, polyp recurrence is observed in 23% to 87% of patients and requires reoperation. Objective To assess the prognostic value of polypoid changes of the middle turbinate (PCMT) in relapse of paranasal sinus polyps in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) after FESS and the effect of partial middle turbinectomy (PMT) on the outcome of surgery. Methods We conducted a prospective clinical study on 60 patients with CRSwNP with and without PCMT. The patients were allocated into three groups: group I included twenty patients without PCMT; group II, twenty patients with PCMT; and group III included twenty patients with PCMT submitted to PMT. The patients were evaluated endoscopically according to the Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scoring system, radiologically according to the Lund-Mackay scoring system, and symptomatically through the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22). Results The total postoperative Lund-Kennedy score differed significantly among the 3 groups (p < 0.001), with a group II presenting a significantly higher total score compared to groups I and III. The Preoperative SNOT-22 score differed significantly among the three groups (p = 0.013), with group II presenting a significantly higher score compared to group I. There was a significant association involving the 3 groups and relapse at 12 months (p = 0.029); relapse was higher in group II (50.0%) than in groups I (20%) and III (15.0%). Conclusion There was a significant association between PCMT and the relapse of nasal polyps. Also, nasal polyposis recurred at a lower rate in the group submitted to middle turbinate resection compared to the group in whom it was preserved. (FESS improvement 23 87 reoperation (PCMT (CRSwNP PMT (PMT 6 LundKennedy Lund Kennedy system LundMackay Mackay 22item item 22 SNOT22. SNOT22 SNOT . (SNOT-22) p 0.001, 0001 0.001 , 0 001 0.001) SNOT-2 0.013, 0013 0.013 013 0.013) 1 0.029 0029 029 0.029) 50.0% 500 50 (50.0% 20% 20 (20% 15.0%. 150 15.0% 15 (15.0%) Also preserved 2 8 SNOT2 (SNOT-22 000 0.00 00 SNOT- 0.01 01 0.02 002 02 50.0 5 (50.0 (20 15.0 (15.0% (SNOT-2 0.0 50. (50. (2 15. (15.0 (SNOT- 0. (50 ( (15. (SNOT (5 (15 (1

Abstract Background Anastomotic leakage (AL) is still the most annoying postsurgery complication after colorectal resection due to its serious complications up to death. Limited data were available regarding differences in AL incidence, management, and consequences for different types of colorectal resection. The aim of the present work was to evaluate differences in incidence of AL, incidence of postoperative complications, and length of hospital stay in a large number of patients who underwent elective colorectal resection for management of colorectal lesions. In addition to detect when and what type of reoperation for management of AL occur after colorectal resection. Patients All 250 included patients underwent elective surgeries for colorectal resection with performance of primary anastomosis for management of colorectal neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases in the period between May 2016 and July 31, 2021. We followed the patients for 90 days; we registered the follow-up findings. Results the rates of AL occurrence were variable after the different procedures. The lowest rate of AL occurrence was found in patients who underwent right hemicolectomy, then in patients who underwent sigmoidectomy, left hemicolectomy, transversectomy and anterior resection (p= 0.004). A stoma was frequently performed during reoperation (79.5%) which was significantly different between different procedures: 65.5% in right hemicolectomy, 75.0% in transversectomy, 85.7% in left hemicolectomy, and 93.0% in sigmoid resection (p< 0.001). Conclusion Rates, types, time of occurrence and severity of AL vary according to the type of colectomy performed and selective construction of stoma during AL reoperation is currently safely applied with comparable mortality rates for patients who did and who did not have a stoma after reoperation. (AL death lesions 25 nonneoplastic non 201 31 2021 9 days followup follow findings procedures hemicolectomy sigmoidectomy p= p (p 0.004. 0004 0.004 . 0 004 0.004) 79.5% 795 79 5 (79.5% 655 65 65.5 750 75 75.0 857 85 7 85.7 930 93 93.0 p< 0.001. 0001 0.001 001 0.001) Rates 2 20 3 202 000 0.00 00 79.5 (79.5 6 65. 75. 8 85. 93. 0.0 79. (79. 0. (79 (7 (

Abstract Assessment of fish health is one of the efforts of farmers in minimizing losses due to disease. Rapid tests on fish health can be done through blood observations. This study aimed to determine the blood glucose profile of koi carp due to ectoparasite infestation from the level of blood glucose. The results showed that reported parasites from Blitar’s koi carp were Trichodina, Dactylogyrus, Gyrodactylus, Myxobolus, Thelohanellus, Ichthyophthirius, and Argulus. Trichodina showed the highest prevalence (100%) in this case while Thelohanellus was the highest intensity level (93.8±16.3). The results of blood glucose level measurement based on parasite infestation levels showed no significant difference (p>0.05) though the health problems caused by parasites in light, medium or heavy infestation. This research also indicated that the blood glucose profile could be used as a rapid method to detect fish health caused by parasites. We suggest that other variables such as nutritional status, life stage or feeding must be conducted to ensure the glucose role in parasite identification as a rapid method for the future work. disease observations Blitars Blitar s Dactylogyrus Gyrodactylus Myxobolus Ichthyophthirius Argulus 100% 100 (100% 93.8±16.3. 938163 93.8±16.3 . 93 8 16 3 (93.8±16.3) p>0.05 p005 p 0 05 (p>0.05 light status work 10 (100 93816 93.8±16. 9 1 (93.8±16.3 p>0.0 p00 (p>0.0 (10 9381 93.8±16 (93.8±16. p>0. p0 (p>0. (1 938 93.8±1 (93.8±16 p>0 (p>0 ( 93.8± (93.8±1 p> (p> 93.8 (93.8± (p 93. (93.8 (93. (93 (9

Resumo A avaliação da saúde dos peixes é um dos esforços dos produtores para minimizar as perdas por doenças. Testes rápidos de saúde de peixes podem ser feitos por meio de observações de sangue. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar o perfil glicêmico de peixes “koi”, devido à infestação de ectoparasitos a partir do nível de glicemia. Os resultados mostraram que os parasitas relatados de peixes “koi” de Blitar foram Trichodina, Dactylogyrus, Gyrodactylus, Myxobolus, Thelohanellus, Ichthyophthirius e Argulus. Trichodina apresentou a maior prevalência (100%) neste caso, enquanto Thelohanellus foi o maior em nível de intensidade (93,8±16,3). Os resultados da medição do nível de glicose no sangue, com base nos níveis de infestação parasitária, não mostraram diferença significativa (p>0,05), apesar dos problemas de saúde causados por parasitas em infestação leve, média ou pesada. Esta pesquisa também indicou que o perfil de glicose no sangue pode ser usado como um método rápido, para detectar a saúde dos peixes causada por parasitas. Este estudo também sugere que outras variáveis, como estado nutricional, estágio de vida ou alimentação, devem ser conduzidas para garantir o papel da glicose na identificação do parasita como um método rápido para trabalhos futuros. doenças koi, koi , glicemia “koi Dactylogyrus Gyrodactylus Myxobolus Argulus 100% 100 (100% caso 93,8±16,3. 938163 93,8±16,3 . 93 8 16 3 (93,8±16,3) parasitária p>0,05, p005 p p>0,05 0 05 (p>0,05) leve pesada variáveis nutricional alimentação futuros 10 (100 93816 93,8±16, 9 1 (93,8±16,3 p00 p>0,0 (p>0,05 (10 9381 93,8±16 (93,8±16, p0 p>0, (p>0,0 (1 938 93,8±1 (93,8±16 p>0 (p>0, ( 93,8± (93,8±1 p> (p>0 93,8 (93,8± (p> 93, (93,8 (p (93, (93 (9

ABSTRACT Introduction: Our study aimed to examine the impacts of blood cardioplegia (BC) and del Nido cardioplegia (DNC) solutions - which we used in isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) - on early mortality and major adverse events (MAE). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 329 consecutive patients who underwent CABG in our clinic between January 2016 and January 2020. Myocardial infarction, reoperation, cardiac tamponade, stroke, renal failure, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation requirement, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation were defined as MAE. The group in which DNC was used was Group D (181 [55%] patients), and the group in which BC was used was Group B (141 [45%] patients). Results: No statistically significant difference was determined between the groups regarding age, weight, body surface area, gender, or European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation score (P=0.615, P=0.560, P=0.934, P=0.365, P=0.955, respectively). Although there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of aortic cross-clamping time (P=0.712), cardiopulmonary bypass duration was longer in Group B (P=0.001). Even though the incidence of stroke was higher in Group B (P=0.030), no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups regarding total incidence of MAE, mortality, mechanical ventilation time, length of stay in the intensive care unit, or length of hospital stay (P=0.153, P=0.130, P=0.689, P=0.710, P=0.613, respectively). Conclusion: We found no significant difference in MAE, mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit stay, or hospital stay between the DNC and BC groups. We believe that both solutions can be used safely for cardiac protection in the adult patient population. Introduction (BC (DNC (CABG MAE . (MAE) Methods 32 201 2020 infarction reoperation tamponade failure requirement 181 (18 55% 55 [55% patients, , patients) 141 (14 45% 45 [45% patients. Results age weight area gender P=0.615, P0615 P 0 615 (P=0.615 P0560 560 P=0.560 P0934 934 P=0.934 P0365 365 P=0.365 P0955 955 P=0.955 respectively. respectively respectively) crossclamping cross clamping P=0.712, P0712 P=0.712 712 (P=0.712) P=0.001. P0001 P=0.001 001 (P=0.001) P=0.030, P0030 P=0.030 030 (P=0.030) P=0.153, P0153 153 (P=0.153 P0130 130 P=0.130 P0689 689 P=0.689 P0710 710 P=0.710 P0613 613 P=0.613 Conclusion population (MAE 3 20 202 18 (1 5 [55 14 4 [45 P=0.615 P061 61 (P=0.61 P056 56 P=0.56 P093 93 P=0.93 P036 36 P=0.36 P095 95 P=0.95 P071 P=0.71 71 (P=0.712 P000 P=0.00 00 (P=0.001 P003 P=0.03 03 (P=0.030 P=0.153 P015 15 (P=0.15 P013 13 P=0.13 P068 68 P=0.68 P=0.61 2 1 ( [5 [4 P06 6 (P=0.6 P05 P=0.5 P09 9 P=0.9 P03 P=0.3 P07 P=0.7 7 (P=0.71 P00 P=0.0 (P=0.00 (P=0.03 P=0.15 P01 (P=0.1 P=0.1 P=0.6 [ P0 (P=0. P=0. (P=0.7 (P=0.0 (P=0 P=0 (P= P= (P

Aim To evaluate the potential of inducing mineral density changes of indirect pulp capping materials applied to demineralized dentin. Methods A total of 50 cavities were prepared, 5 in each tooth, in extracted ten molars without caries, impacted or semi-embedded. The cavities were scanned by microcomputed tomography (µ-CT) after creating artificial caries by microcosm method (pre-treatment). Each cavity was subjected to one of 5 different experimental conditions: control (dental wax), conventional glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX GP Extra), resin-modified calcium silicate (TheraCal LC), resin-modified calcium hydroxide (Ultra-Blend Plus), MTA (MM-MTA) and the samples were kept under intrapulpal pressure using simulated body fluid for 45 days. Then, the second µ-CT scan was performed (post-treatment), and the change in dentin mineral density was calculated. Afterward, elemental mapping was performed on the dentinal surfaces adjacent to the pulp capping agents of 5 randomly selected samples using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) apparatus attached to a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Ca/P ratio by weight was calculated. Friedman test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test were used to analyze the data. Results There was a significant increase in mineral density values of demineralized dentin after treatment for all material groups (p<0.05). Resin-modified calcium silicate had similar efficacy to MTA and conventional glass ionomer cement, but was superior to resin-modified calcium hydroxide in increasing the mineral density values of demineralized dentin. Conclusions Demineralized dentin tissue that is still repairable can be effectively preserved using materials with remineralization capability. prepared tooth semiembedded. semiembedded semi embedded. embedded semi-embedded µCT µ CT (µ-CT pretreatment. pretreatment pre . (pre-treatment) conditions dental wax, wax , wax) Fuji Extra, Extra Extra) resinmodified resin modified TheraCal LC, LC LC) UltraBlend Ultra Blend Plus, Plus Plus) MMMTA MM (MM-MTA 4 days Then posttreatment, posttreatment post (post-treatment) calculated Afterward Xray X ray EDS (EDS SEM. SEM (SEM) CaP Ca P data p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 0 05 (p<0.05) Resinmodified Resin capability (pre-treatment (post-treatment (SEM p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The expression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, E-cadherin, and CD44 in the area of tumor budding was investigated in breast carcinomas in our study. METHODS: Tumor budding was counted at the invasive margins in 179 breast carcinomas. To understand the microenvironment of tumor budding, we examined the expression status of the immune checkpoint molecules such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, E-cadherin, and CD44. RESULTS: Tumors were separated into low (≤5) and high tumor budding groups (>5) based on the median budding number. Lymphovascular, perineural invasion, and the number of metastatic lymph nodes were significantly higher in high-grade budding tumors (p=0.001, p<0.001, and p=0.019, respectively). Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were significantly higher in tumors without tumor buddings (p<0.001). When the number of budding increases by one unit, overall survival decreases by 1.07 times (p=0.013). Also, it increases the risk of progression by 1.06 times (p=0.048). In high tumor budding groups, the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 staining percentage of lymphocytes was significantly higher (p=0.026). With each increase in the number of buds, an increase in the percentage of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 staining was seen in lymphocytes in the microenvironment of TB (p=0.034). CONCLUSION: Tumor budding could predict poor prognosis in breast carcinomas, and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 immunotherapies may be beneficial in patients with high tumor budding tumors. OBJECTIVE lymphocyteassociated lymphocyte associated Ecadherin, Ecadherin E cadherin, cadherin E-cadherin CD CD4 study METHODS 17 RESULTS ≤5 5 (≤5 >5 (>5 Lymphovascular invasion highgrade grade p=0.001, p0001 p 0 001 (p=0.001 p<0.001 p0019 019 p=0.019 respectively. respectively . respectively) Tumorinfiltrating infiltrating p<0.001. (p<0.001) unit 107 1 07 1.0 p=0.013. p0013 p=0.013 013 (p=0.013) Also 106 06 p=0.048. p0048 p=0.048 048 (p=0.048) p=0.026. p0026 p=0.026 026 (p=0.026) buds p=0.034. p0034 p=0.034 034 (p=0.034) CONCLUSION anticytotoxic anti ≤ (≤ > (> p=0.001 p000 00 (p=0.00 p<0.00 p001 01 p=0.01 (p<0.001 10 1. (p=0.013 p004 p=0.04 04 (p=0.048 p002 p=0.02 02 (p=0.026 p003 p=0.03 03 (p=0.034 ( p=0.00 p00 (p=0.0 p<0.0 p=0.0 (p<0.00 (p=0.01 (p=0.04 (p=0.02 (p=0.03 p0 (p=0. p<0. p=0. (p<0.0 (p=0 p<0 p=0 (p<0. (p= p< p= (p<0 (p (p<

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the minimum number of required cases for successful robotic retroperitoneal partial nephrectomy for an experienced surgeon in transperitoneal robotic surgery. METHODS: Our prospectively collected clinic database was evaluated retrospectively, and 50 patients who underwent robotic retroperitoneal partial nephrectomy by a single experienced surgeon from January 2019 to February 2023 were included in this study. Demographic and perioperative data and R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry scores were noted. margin, ischemia, and complication score was used to predict surgical success. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine how many cases were required to achieve margin, ischemia, and complication score positivity and to apply the off-clamp technique. Also, the first 25 patients were assigned to Group 1 and the second 25 patients to Group 2, and the data were compared between the groups. RESULTS: The patients’ demographic data and tumor characteristics were similar in the groups. The off-clamp technique and sutureless technique rates in Group 2 were significantly higher than that in Group 1. Margin, ischemia, and complication score positivity was observed in 60% (n=15) of Group 1 and 96% (n=24) of Group 2. At receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the 25th and later cases were statistically significant in terms of margin, ischemia, and complication score positivity. In terms of performing surgery with the off-clamp technique, the 28th and subsequent cases were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: A total of 25 or more cases appear to be sufficient to provide optimal surgical results in robotic retroperitoneal partial nephrectomy for an experienced surgeon. OBJECTIVE METHODS retrospectively 5 201 202 RENAL R E N L R.E.N.A.L noted margin ischemia success offclamp off clamp Also groups RESULTS Margin 60 n=15 n15 n 15 (n=15 96 n=24 n24 24 (n=24 th CONCLUSION 20 6 n=1 n1 (n=1 9 n=2 n2 (n=2 n= (n= (n

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fetal left ventricular modified myocardial performance index in predicting adverse perinatal outcomes for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 51 women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and 80 healthy controls. Using Doppler ultrasonography, E-wave, A-wave, isovolumetric contraction time, isovolumetric relaxation time, and ejection time were recorded and the left ventricular modified myocardial performance index was measured. RESULTS: Findings showed that the mean left ventricular modified myocardial performance index, isovolumetric contraction time, and isovolumetric relaxation time values were statistically significantly higher while the ejection time and E/A ratios were statistically significantly lower in the intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy group than the control group. In the intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy group, a statistically significant positive correlation was found between left ventricular modified myocardial performance index and adverse perinatal outcomes in the intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy group (r=0.478, p<0.001), while a statistically significant negative correlation was found between the E/A ratio and adverse perinatal outcomes (r=-0.701, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: For intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy cases, high fetal left ventricular modified myocardial performance index values were an indicator of ventricular dysfunction, and this correlated with negative perinatal outcomes.

Resumen: Introducción. Más de la mitad de todas las muertes y discapacidades en todo el mundo fueron causadas por accidentes cerebrovasculares. La aterosclerosis de las grandes arterias se identifica como un factor de alto riesgo etiológico debido a que representa el 20 % de los accidentes cerebrovasculares isquémicos. Objetivo. Determinar la importancia de la liberación de TRAIL y adropina y los cambios relativos relacionados con los niveles de S100B, así como la relación entre estos biomarcadores y el núcleo final del infarto, el resultado clínico y la presencia de aterosclerosis de arterias grandes en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular agudo. Materiales y métodos. Durante un año, se evaluaron los hallazgos demográficos, clínicos y de neuroimágenes de 90 pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular isquémico agudo. Resultados. La edad media de los pacientes fue de 69,28 ± 10 y 39 eran mujeres. El aumento del nivel de S100B y la disminución de los niveles de sTRAIL y adropina se asociaron significativamente con una presentación neurológica moderada a grave en los pacientes (p=0,0001, p=0,002 y p=0,002, respectivamente). En la TC de control, un gran núcleo de infarto se asoció significativamente con una disminución del nivel sérico de sTRAIL y adropina (p=0,001 y p=0,000, respectivamente); sin embargo, los niveles de S100B no se asociaron significativamente con una buena puntuación en el ASPECT (p=0,684). La discapacidad y el resultado desfavorable se relacionaron significativamente con la disminución de los niveles de sTRAIL y adropina (p=0,001 y p=0,000 para una puntuación >5 en el THRIVE, respectivamente). La disminución de los niveles de sTRAIL y adropina y el aumento del nivel de S100B, se correlacionaron con la presencia de un factor etiológico aterosclerótico de arterias grandes entre la población de estudio (p=0,000, p=0,000 y p=0,036, respectivamente). Conclusiones. Los niveles séricos de TRAIL y adropina se asociaron con un resultado clínico deficiente y una mayor área infartada en pacientes con ataque cerebrovascular isquémico agudo.

Abstract Introduction: More than half of all worldwide deaths and disabilities were caused by stroke. Large artery atherosclerosis is identified as a high etiological risk factor because it accounts for 20% of ischemic stroke. Objectives: To identify the significance of TRAIL and adropin release and the relative changes related to S100B levels, as well as the relationship between these biomarkers and the final infarct core, the clinical outcome, and the presence of large artery atherosclerosis in acute stroke patients. Materials and methods: Over a one-year period, demographic, clinical, and neuroimaging findings of 90 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke were evaluated. Results: The mean age of participants was 69.28 ± 10 and 39 patients were female. The increased level of S100B and the decreased levels of sTRAIL with adropin were significantly associated with moderate to severe neurologic presentation (p=0.0001, p=0.002, p=0.002, respectively). On the control CT, a large infarct core was significantly associated with decreased serum levels of sTRAIL and adropin (p=0.001 and p=0.000, respectively); however, the levels of S100B were not significantly associated with good ASPECTS score (p=0.684). Disability and an unfavorable outcome were significantly related to the decreased level of sTRAIL and adropin (p=0.001 and p=0.000 for THRIVE score>5, respectively). Decreased sTRAIL and adropin levels and an increased S100B level were correlated with the presence of large artery atherosclerotic etiologic factors (p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.036, respectively). Conclusion: TRAIL and adropin serum levels were associated with poor clinical outcomes and greater infarcted area in acute ischemic stroke patients.

Abstract In the Sophist, Plato presents the possibility of the separation of things in relation to each other based on the communion (koinōnia) of logos. In this study, I discuss the linguistic communion revealed in the dialogue by illuminating its three fundamental aspects: (1) Articulation of letters in names as communion on the syntactic level, (2) Predication of names in logoi as communion on the semantic level, (3) Homologoi of logoi as the ultimate communion of language. I thus conclude that these three linguistic aspects are interdependent.

Resumen En el Sofista, Platón presenta la posibilidad de la separación de las cosas entre sí sobre la base de la comunión (koinōnía) al interior del lógos. En este estudio, discuto la comunión lingüística revelada en el diálogo al iluminar tres aspectos fundamentales suyos: (1) la articulación de las letras de los nombres como una comunión en el nivel sintáctico, (2) la predicación de los nombres en los lógoi como una comunión en el nivel semántico, (3) homólogoi de los lógoi como una comunión final del lenguaje. Por tanto, concluyo que estos tres aspectos lingüísticos son interdependientes.

Abstract The role of oxidative stress, as well as inflammation in the pathogenesis of methotrexate (MTX)-induced oral mucositis, is a known fact. The anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties of taxifolin—the effect we tested against MTX-induced oral mucosal damage—are well known. Objective Evaluating biochemically and histopathologically the effects of taxifolin on methotrexate-induced oral mucosal damage in rats. Methodology In the taxifolin+MTX (TMTX) group, 50 mg/kg taxifolin was orally administered to rats by gavage. In the MTX and healthy (HG) groups, normal saline was applied to rats as solvent by the same method. One hour after administration of taxifolin and solvent, 5 mg/kg MTX was orally administered to rats in the MTX and TMTX groups. Taxifolin and methotrexate were administered once a day for 30 days. Macroscopic, biochemical, and histopathological evaluations were performed on the inner cheek and tongue tissues of rats. These parts were removed after rats were killed with a high-dose anesthesia. Results Taxifolin with MTX prevented the increase in oxidant and pro-inflammatory parameters, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), on the inner cheek and tongue tissues of rats. Moreover, taxifolin antagonized the decrease in total glutathione (tGSH). Taxifolin decreased MTX-induced histopathological damage. Conclusion These findings suggest that taxifolin may be useful to treat MTX-associated oral mucositis.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Our study aimed to examine the impacts of blood cardioplegia (BC) and del Nido cardioplegia (DNC) solutions - which we used in isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) - on early mortality and major adverse events (MAE). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 329 consecutive patients who underwent CABG in our clinic between January 2016 and January 2020. Myocardial infarction, reoperation, cardiac tamponade, stroke, renal failure, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation requirement, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation were defined as MAE. The group in which DNC was used was Group D (181 [55%] patients), and the group in which BC was used was Group B (141 [45%] patients). Results: No statistically significant difference was determined between the groups regarding age, weight, body surface area, gender, or European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation score (P=0.615, P=0.560, P=0.934, P=0.365, P=0.955, respectively). Although there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of aortic cross-clamping time (P=0.712), cardiopulmonary bypass duration was longer in Group B (P=0.001). Even though the incidence of stroke was higher in Group B (P=0.030), no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups regarding total incidence of MAE, mortality, mechanical ventilation time, length of stay in the intensive care unit, or length of hospital stay (P=0.153, P=0.130, P=0.689, P=0.710, P=0.613, respectively). Conclusion: We found no significant difference in MAE, mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit stay, or hospital stay between the DNC and BC groups. We believe that both solutions can be used safely for cardiac protection in the adult patient population.

Abstract Acrylamide is a neurotoxic compound. Moreover, anakinra is an interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist used in rheumatoid arthritis treatment. This study investigated the effect of anakinra on acrylamide-related neuropathy and neuropathic pain. Acrylamide exposure caused a significant decrease in the pain threshold; an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels; and a decrease in total glutathione (tGSH) values in the sciatic nerve. This indicates hyperalgesia presence, oxidative stress, and peripheral nerve tissue inflammation. Anakinra treatment significantly reduced the MDA, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels, and increased the pain threshold and mean tGSH values. The analgesic effect of anakinra was 67.9% at the first hour, increasing to 74.9% and 76.7% at the second and third hours, respectively. The group receiving acrylamide exhibited histopathological changes (e.g., swollen and degenerated axons, hypertrophic and hyperplasic Schwann cells, and congested vessels). The use of anakinra significantly improved these morphological changes. Anakinra is concluded to reduce neuropathic pain and prevent neurotoxic effect of acrylamide on peripheral nerves due to its analgesic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. compound Moreover interleukin1 interleukin 1 interleukin- IL1 IL (IL-1 acrylamiderelated related MDA , (MDA) factoralpha factor alpha TNFα, TNFα TNF α (TNF-α) IL1β ILβ 1β β (IL-1β levels (tGSH presence stress inflammation IL1β, 1β, IL-1β 679 67 9 67.9 hour 749 74 74.9 767 76 7 76.7 hours respectively e.g., eg e g (e.g. axons cells vessels. vessels . vessels) antioxidant antiinflammatory anti inflammatory properties (IL- (MDA (TNF-α 6 67. 74. 76. e.g. (e.g (IL e.g

Abstract The present study aims to evaluate the effects of Ginkgo biloba (GKB) extract as “add- on” therapy with metformin on the lipid profile, inflammatory markers, leptin and the total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is a multi- center, randomized, placebo-controlled double-blinded clinical study. Sixty patients were allocated into two groups: control and treatment groups; they received orally either 120 mg starch/capsule or 120mg GKB/capsule, respectively as an adjuvant with metformin for 90 days. Blood samples were obtained at zero time and after 90 days. The blood was utilized for analysis of the lipid profile, inflammatory markers, leptin, and TAOC. The GKB extract produced a significant decrease in the levels of TG, LDL-c, and CRP, with a significant increase in HDL-c compared to baseline values. There were no significant changes reported in the placebo-treated group. It also produced a significant decrease in the concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, and leptin compared to baseline values and placebo-treated groups with a significant increase in TAOC compared to baseline values. In conclusion, GKB extract, as an adjuvant with metformin, decreases inflammatory mediators, leptin level and improves the antioxidant status and lipid profile of T2DM patients improperly managed with metformin.